Bible History
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
LEND, LOAN
lon: The translation of 7 Hebrew and 2 Greek vbs.:
1. Lexical Usages:
In the Old Testament: lawah, "to join," "cause to join," "lend" (Ex 22:25; Dt 28:12,44; Ps 37:26; Prov 19:17); nashah, "to bite," "lend" (Dt 24:11; Jer 15:10); nashah (same root as last, though different verb stem, Hiphil), "to cause to bite," "lend on usury" (Dt 15:2; 24:10); nashakh, "to bite," "lend" "(cause to lend) on usury" (Dt 23:19,20); nathan, "to give" (Lev 25:37, the Revised Version (British and American) "to give"); `abhat (Hiphil), "to cause to borrow," "to lend" (Dt 15:6,8); sha'al (Hiphil), "to cause to ask," "to lend" (Ex 12:36, the Revised Version (British and American) "ask"; 1 Sam 1:27). In Septuagint daneizo, danizo, "to lend," translates lawah, and `abaT in above passages and in Neh 5:4; Prov 22:7, and Isa 24:2; kichrao, also translations lawah and sha'al (Ps 112:5; Prov 13:11); daneion(-ion), "loan," occurs in Dt 15:8,10; 24:11; 4 Macc 2:8. In the New Testament "lend" translations two Greek verbs, daneizo, "to lend money" (Lk 6:34,35, usually in commercial sense); kichremi, "to lend (as a friendly act)" (Lk 11:5).The substantive "loan," she'elah, occurs only once in the Old Testament (1 Sam 2:20 the King James Version and the English Revised Version), not at all in the New Testament.
2. History of Lending in the Bible and Apocrypha:
(1) Lending on interest to the poor is prohibited in the code in Ex 22:25. (2) In the code in Dt 15:1-6; 23:19,20; 24:10,11; 28:12,44, borrowing and lending are taken for granted as existing in Israel, but the creditor is required to release his Hebrew brother as debtor in the 7th year (either the cancellation of the loan (so in Jewish literature and early Christian scholars) or suspension of payment that year (so most modern scholars)), though he may exact payment from a foreigner. Israel may lend, and will be able to lend, because of Yahweh's blessing, to other nations, but must not borrow from them. A pledge, or security, must not be taken in person by the creditor from the house of the debtor, nor kept overnight, if the debtor be poor. (3) The code in Lev 25:35-38 requires that the Israelite receive no interest from his poor brother, because of the goodness of Yahweh to Israel. (4) Notwithstanding the prohibition of the early laws against lending on interest or usury, the same seems to have become common in Israel before the exile (Isa 24:2; Jer 15:10), was practiced on the return, and was an evil to be corrected by Nehemiah (Neh 5:7,10). (5) According to Ps 37:26; 112:5; Prov 19:17, lending to the needy was regarded as a mark of the pious Hebrew, but no interest is to be charged. (6) According to Apocrypha (The Wisdom of Solomon 15:16; Sirach 8:12; 18:33; 20:15,29; 4 Macc 2:8), borrowing is discouraged, and lending is exalted as a mark of the merciful man. (7) Jesus teaches that His followers should lend, even to enemies, to men from whom they have no reasonable hope of expecting anything in return, because thus to do is to be like the Most High (Lk 6:34,35). He did not discuss lending for commercial purposes, and so does not necessarily forbid it.
LITERATURE.
See Driver on Dt 15:1-6; Benzinger, Hebrew Archaeology, (1894), 350 f; Oehler, Old Testament Theology, 150, 10; Plummer on Lk 6:34,35.
Charles B. Williams
Bibliography InformationOrr, James, M.A., D.D. General Editor. "Definition for 'lend, loan'". "International Standard Bible Encyclopedia".
bible-history.com - ISBE; 1915.
Copyright Information© International Standard Bible Encyclopedia (ISBE)
ISBE Bible Encyclopedia Home
Bible History Online Home
Bible Encyclopedia (ISBE)
Online Bible (KJV)
Naves Topical Bible
Smith's Bible Dictionary
Easton's Bible Dictionary
Schaff's Bible Dictionary
Fausset's Bible Dictionary
Matthew Henry Bible Commentary
Hitchcock's Bible Dictionary
Related Bible History
Popular and Trending:
Meaning of the name Alexander, Alexander the Great, Alexander the Coppersmith,
Syria and Bible Prophecy, Bible Study about Syria, What the Bible Says about Syria and Damascus, Isaiah 17,
The Bible and Palm Trees, Bible Study about the Palm Tree,
The Righteous Will Flourish like a Palm Tree Psalm 92:12
,
Definition of Paraclete, Bible study about the Holy Spirit and the Paraclete, Paracletus in the Greek,
Games in the Bible, What Games Did Kids Play in Biblical Times? Which Kinds of Games Existed in the Time of Jesus?,
The Church at Thyatira, What Was the Message to Thyatira, Revelation 2 and Thyatira, history of Thyatira,
David and Goliath, How Tall Was Goliath, Archaeological Discoveries and Goliath, Goliath And Philistine History,
Who Was Titus in the Bible, Paul's Letter to Titus, Bible Study Lessons in Titus,
Meaning of the Name Tanner, Bible Study about Simon the Tanner, Acts 10:6 Peter Was Staying at the
House of Simon the Tanner, What Was a Tanner