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Gauls

The Gauls were enemies of Rome. They were from gaul (Latin Gallia), which was an ancient term for the land S and W of the Rhine, W of the Alps, and N of the Pyrenees. They were also referred to as the Celts, and called Gauls by the Romans. Gaul (modern France) probably had been there since 600 B.C. The Gaul in Italy were referred to in two ways - Cisalpine Gaul (Cisalpine means in Latin "on this side the Alps"), and Transalpine Gaul; (Transalpine means in Latin "on this side the Po").

The early enemies of Rome were as follows: (see map)

Early enemies: Etruscans (N), Sabines (NE), Aequi (E), Volsci (S).
Latium and Etruria. Cisalpine Gaul. Campania and Samnium. Umbria and Picenum. Lucania and Apulia.

The History of Rome - Part One 743 - 136 B.C.