Note: Database Directory of Links for this section
is located on the main
page.
General
General Links
Warfare in
the Ancient World
Hugh Elton bibliography from Greece to Rome to Byzantine.
Catapult Museum Online
The use of the catapult to the present day.
E-Hawk Cadre Main
Page - The Central Military Archive
This is the place for the student of military history and scholars alike. Combines all
periods from Pre-Modern to Modern. An On-Line Military History Library with Sources,
Reference Materials, Bibliographies, Articles, Book Reviews. Access them by time period,
subject, alphabetically.
Ancient Accounts of Arabia, 430BCE-550CE Ancient History Sourcebook
Ancient/Classical History Collection of Netlinks Collection of netlinks on a wide range of topics from the culture and art of the ancient Mediterranean to biographies, science, technology, and battles.
Ancient Galleys
History of the Greek fighting ships following the development of the ram as a weapon in
about 800 BC.
The Ancient Greek
World - History of Warfare
Before the early 5th century warfare wreaked only as much havoc as needed for political
concessions. The Persian conflict brought total war. Amphora pictures of soldiers
fighting.
The Ancient Greek
World - Weapons and Armor
The basic soldiering equipment (panoply) cost the equivalent of a modern car. Pictures of
bronze helmets and perfume container that looks like a helmet with warrior's head.
Ancient Empires Art, gifts, and collectibles inspired by the past civilizations of Ancient Egypt, Rome, Greece, and the Gothic & Medieval Era.
Ancient
Mediterranian Trade Map - A stained glass window
in Northwestern University's Wieboldt Hall. (Schaffner Library, Northwestern
University)
- Ancient,
Medieval, and Renaissance Weapons & Armour
Specializing in reproductions. Lots of historically accurate reproductions as well as descriptions and useful information for new or experienced collectors. Fully functional as well as display/gift items are available.
Ancient
Navigation and Shipbuilding in the Greek and Roman World
- Maria Curie - Sklodowska University
Ancient Rome Links Page
If you can't find it here...it's probably not out there :) A comprehensive list of links about ancient Rome.
Anglo-Saxon
Warfare
Relying on Tacitus, Beowulf, and the Finnesburh Fragment, this Angelcynn (living history
society) site describes the Anglo-Saxons fyrdsman.
Ancient
Siege Warfare - Short Article
Armour & Weapons
(Later Roman Period - Middle Ages) Over 200 Articles: swords, blades, scabbards, suits of armors, daggers, small amours, letter openers, articles for decoration, military sabers, helmets, metal gloves, scabbards made with leather.
The
Archaeological Museum at Olympia
Images of breastplate, helmet of Miltiades, and bronze battering ram.
Armamentarium
Beginner's guide to Roman military equipment. Includes FAQ. Find out what the well dressed
1st Century Roman legionnaire wore.
Athenian
trireme diagram - The most important naval vessel
in the Greek world. It was about 120 feet long, 15 feet wide and needed 170
oarsman. This cross-sectioned diagram is reproduced from Arthur Ferrill's
book, 
The Origins of War: From the Stone Age to Alexander the Great.
(North Park University)
Battle of
Syme
Article by Caroline L. Falkner, from Ancient History Bulletin evaluating the importance of
Spartan victory at the Ionian island of Syme as described by Thucydides.
Battles of
the Roman Republic
Summaries of the following battles: Cannae, Zama, Cynoscephalae, Pharsalus, & Actium;
written as the result of a class project. Includes images of Hannibal and the elephants,
busts of Caesar, Augustus, and Scipio.
Catapults
in Greek and Roman Antiquity - Catapults were invented about 400 BC
in Greece.
Catapaults of the Roman
Empire
Romans developed the cheiroballista and the onager. Site discusses the Siege of Maiden
Castle, nomenclature, and methods of procurement of siege engines.
The Celts
in Battle
Polybius and Livy on the subject.
Coins
of Arados - OHG 3 - One side of a bronze coin issued by the citizen body
of Arados (162/1 BC) has an image of a warship's three-pronged battering
ram. (Oliver D. Hoover, The Hoover Collection of Seleucid Coins)
Coventry
Boat builders Restorations and Replicas - These
specialists in the restoration of vintage boats built an early test section
of the Olympias for the Trireme Trust to demonstrate the feasibility
of ancient Greek construction methods. The right-hand column of this web
page also displays photos and commentary on their work on a one third
replica of the 4th century B.C. Kyrenia ship for the Manchester Museum.
(Coventry Boat builders & Chandlery)
Cronologia De La
Epoca De Las Guerras Punicas
Almost yearly timeline of events leading up to and through the Second Punic War. In
Spanish.
Greek
Bireme - Just one of several pages on this new
"Encyclopedia of Ships" site, this contains an overview of the
ancient Greek bireme. Refer to the links on the left of the page for
descriptions and images of many more ancient ships.
Greek
Cargo Ship - Suspended from the ceiling of
Manchester Museum's Aegean Gallery is the replica of the Kyrenia ship
built by Coventry Boat builders. (Manchester Museum)
The
Greek Navy - Two budding triearchs from British
Columbia have posted their drawings of a trireme and a bireme along with a
summary of what they've learned about shipbuilding and tactics. (Jeff N. and
Jeff B., Brooke Elementary School)
Hellas:Net - Warfare - topics include the Greek army, the Persian army, mercenaries, the era of the diadochs
and more.
Introduction to
Ancient Siege Warfare
Explains the purposes of siege engines before describing specific sieges at Miletus, Thebes, Halicarnassus, Tyre, and Perinthus.
The Landings of Caesar in
Britain, 55 and 54 BC
After Caesar finally established a camp in Britain, he had to leave. Maps of his troops'
paths between Gaul and Britain.
Las Guerras
De Roma Entre 264 Y 133
Roman War timeline from 264 to 133 BC. Includes Punic, Macedonian and wars in Spain. In
Spanish.
Laws of War in
the Roman Empire 350 to 380 AD
Laws of hospitality protected envoys. Military movements ceased during negotiations.
Dediticii, those who had surrendered, were employed within the army were assigned to
distant parts of the empire.
Map
of the Roman Empre. -Taken from Longs Classical
Atlas(New York, 1864), plate 4.
Maritime Greece
- Though concentrating on modern Greek shipping, the site contains a
stunning head-on photo of the Olympias reconstruction under sail
(click on the photo icon on the left side of the page). A side view of the Olympias
is displayed on the "Ships Gallery" page, and an explanation of
"why a ship is a she" is thrown in for good measure (Greek sailors
were probably telling this same joke in the 6th century B.C.). (Paiva)
Military
History of the Roman State
Bibliography relevant to Regnal Rome, Pyrrhus, punic Wars, Jugurthine War, Caesar in Gaul,
Civil Wars, Jewish Revolt, Huns, Vandals, and many other campaigns.
Models
of the Roman Legion
By Gary Brueggeman. If you've ever wondered how the Roman legions were arranged, you'll
appreciate the graphics on this site. Excellent bibliography.
Naval
Warfare in Ancient India
Article by Prithwis Chandra Chakravarti, from 1930 Indian Historical Quarterly includes
literary evidence and conquests of Ceylon.
Neolithic Warfare,
by Arther Ferrill
Fascinating, long article discounting popular misconceptions about early warfare,
including the idea that slings require a good deal of space and that populations were too
small for warfare on a modern scale.
Peloponnesian
Wars
Article with accompanying maps of alliances of and schematics of the Peloponnesian Wars
which began with Sparta and her allies laid seige to Periclean Athens in 431 BC.
The Persian Wars
Kent Factora's site, containing Persian War topical definitions, maps, timeline, and a
seven item bibliography.
The
Punic Wars - Polybius - Rome at the End of the Punic Wars [Ancient History Sourcebook] English translation of Book 6 of Polybius' History
Reforms
of Marius
Greg Ong's answer to an exam question. Primarily concerns Marius' military reforms which
created a professional military.
The
Roman Army - Hosted by the Colchester Roman Society.
The Roman Army: A
Bibliography
Extensive list, including sections on Campaigns, Battles & Military Areas, Officers,
Centurions & Optiones, Legions, Recruitment, Finance, and the Navy.
Roman History in
Cumbria
Second, sixth and twentieth Roman legions were stationed in Cumbria. Supplemental aid was
found by recruiting locals into the Auxiliary forces.
Roman
Legionary Forces in Sicily
Edward D. Clark's article on Livy's account of the number of legions stationed on Sicily
from 214 - 210 BC (during Punic War II).
Roman
Military Organisation until 104 BC
Before the military reorganization of Marius, the Roman army went through 3 phases with
the legion reduced from 8400 men to 4000.
Roman Military Research Society. Legio XIIII Gemina Martia Victrix. Winner of the 1999 Military Illustrated display unit of the year award
Roman Military Sites in Britain
Glossary, bibliography, summary of military events, introduction to forts and camps built
by the Roman army.
Rulers of Ancient Rome
SAMH
Homepage for the Society of Ancient Military Historians. Accepts members interested in
promoting and sharing in the study of Ancient Military History.
Sargon's Eighth Campaign
Anthony Garia points out what we know about the Assyrian army from letters about Sargon's
campaign in 714 BC.
Ships of the Ancient Greeks
An Annotated Collection of Internet Resources: Archaeology Sites, History Sites, Classics Sites, Museum Sites, Bibliographies, Syllabi, Articles, Lectures, Book Reviews, and Images.
Ships
of the Ancient Greeks - Image Archive.
Siege of Syracuse
Introduction, map, and relevant passages from Livy, Polybius, and Plutarch.
The "Sling"
- Ancient Weapon
Sparta Pages
- coverage of various aspects of ancient Sparta, including history, society,
culture, warfare and more.
Sun
Tzu on the Art of War
Lionel Giles' 1910 translation from the Chinese of the oldest military treatise in the
world. Includes explanation of the treatise and legends about the military leader.
The
Syracusan Expedition
Athens attacked the Spartan colony in Sicily in 425 and then again, under the influence of
Alcibiades, in 415. Although in the first wave of battle, Athens gained the upper hand,
ultimately, it lost not only the war but its political supremacy.
Tension Artllery in the
Greek World
1995 article on Gastraphetes. Composite belly bow, whose research was commissioned by
Dionysus I in 399 BC, made a welcome addition to seige warfare. Related section on the
Sythians is unfinished.
The
Trireme
Succinct article on the Athenian fighting ship. Includes specifications and consequences
of owning a fleet of the state-of-the-art, polis financed ships.
Triremes
- A summary of trireme oar arrangement controversy. (Borimir Jordan and Alec
Tilley, Trireme Trust)
Vocabulaire
militaire grec
Using Latin letters for Greek in the html, brief article describes the context based
meaning of Greek military vocabulary.
Warfare
in Hellas: Megiddo
Warfare in the Ancient World
Ancient warfare, covering the period between the Mycenaean
World and the Byzantine Empire. The main focus is bibliographic, though
other sections cover other aspects, e.g. other resources, course syllabi,
etc.. Some sections are still under construction, especially the Byzantine
material. Stored at: Florida International
University.
Warfare
in the Greek World
Bibliography on topics of strategy, logistics, siege warfare, mercenaries, equipment,
hoplites, etc.
Warhorse
Simulations
Historical games. Also a page of free downloadable goodies from Warhorse
Simulations.
Mostly Naval
Greece
- The entry for "Greece" from The Mariners' Museum Age of
Exploration On-line Curriculum Guide. Though just a couple of paragraphs
in length, the page is noteworthy for its coverage of two ancient Greek
mariners: Scylax and Pytheas. Included is a map of the voyage of Pytheas.
(The Mariners' Museum, Newport News, Virginia)
A
Lost Painting by Polygnotos at Delphi, A Reconstruction Based on the
Description by Pausanius - Images and commentary on ancient source
material used for the reconstruction. Especially relevant is the first panel
of the painting: Menelaos'
Ship. (Glynnis Fawkes, Tufts University)
Warfare
in Hellas - Naval Warfare - An overview of the subject including the
evolution of the fighting ship, naval weapons, and sea tactics. (Martijn
Moerbeek, Hellas:Net)
Warfare
in Hellas - The Greek Trireme - A couple of images and some historical
background on the Battle of Salamis and the famous race to rescind the
Mytilene massacre provide a good single-page overview of the topic. (Martijn
Moerbeek, Hellas:Net)
Trireme II - An
updated version of Avalon Hill's classic now-out-of-print war game's rules
and charts with Peloponnesian Wars historical background. (Chris Fawcett,
Yankee Air Pirates)
Greek Trireme -
Two photos of the trireme Olympias, the modern reconstruction (see
below) on display next to a modern Greek warship at the port of Thessaloniki.
(University of Alabama)
The Athenian Trireme Olympias
- Olympias is a reconstruction of an Athenian trireme of the 5th and
4th centuries BC. Historical notes, photos, images, glossary of trireme
terms, and links to related sites all contribute to make this a web site
worthy of its subject. [The Olympias is now on permanent display at Neon
Faliron, a suburb of the port of Piraeus.] (Oxford University - Anu Dudhia
for the Trireme Trust)
The
Ship in the Mediterranean - An outline of an excerpt from lecture notes
for the course, History and Archeology of the Ship. Professor
Illsley's complete
lecture notes comprise the best source of material on the subject
to be found on the World- Wide Web. (C) J.S. Illsley 1995 (University of
Wales, Bangor)
History
and Archaeology of the Ship - This is the repository of Professor
Illsley's course material on the subject and is an extremely impressive
example of academic use of the World-Wide Web. The syllabi, bibliographies,
and lecture notes cover the period 2600 BC to the late 16th century AD.
Hint: Users with smaller monitors who cannot see the top frame's menu should
first click on that frame and then decrease their browser's font size
setting. (C) J.S. Illsley 1995- 97 (University of Wales, Bangor)
The
Incarcerated Ship of Kyrenia - Poem by Nikos Kranidiotis on the
shipwreck and reconstruction of the 4th Century B.C. sailing ship currently
exhibited in the castle of Kyrenia, now under Turkish occupation. (POSEIDON:
Hellas and the Sea)
The
Kyrenia Ship - Overview of the survey, excavation and conservation of
the shipwreck and its contents. (C) J.S. Illsley 1997 (University of Wales,
Bangor)
The Trireme
- Andrew Wilson tells it like it is (was): "Thanks to her fleet of
triremes - paid for with money from the silver mines - Athens could run a
highly successful 'protection racket', which extorted funds from smaller
states under the pretext of protecting them against the Persians".
(Andrew Wilson, The
Classics Pages)
Ancient
Galleys - A succinct, yet excellent, article on the Greek development of
the war galley: the penteconter, the bireme, the trireme, the quadrireme,
the quinquereme, and the liburne. (Stephan Schulz)
Original
source text references to "trireme" - Over 100 hits from a
search on Tufts University PERSEUS Project: Aristotle, Demosthenes, Diodorus,
Herodotus, Plato, Plutarch,... They all have something to say about
triremes... Also try:
Over 1000 hits from a search
of all texts using the key word "ship".
Over 500 hits from a search
of Homer using the key word "ship".
Perseus
Encyclopedia: trireme - PERSEUS Encyclopedia entry with over 20 photos
from the Trireme Trust. (Tufts University)
Travelling
to Delphi and Olympia - These pages explore the journeys of travellers
to the Panhellenic sanctuaries at Delphi and Olympia. Chapters include: Ships
and Sea Travel, Trade, Colonies and Ancient Travellers.
The site seems to be "under construction" so repeat visits may
turn up more material. (Maria Daniels, Tufts University)
James Joyce Speaks
- Sound file (.au format) of James Joyce saying: "and our galleys,
triremes and quadriremes, laden with all manner merchandise, furrow the
waters of the known globe." (Tom Skipp and LibroNet S. L.).
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