Sub Categories Abanah River Aceldama Achaia Achor Acropolis Adriatic Sea Adullam Aenon Ai Aijalon Alexandria Ammon Amphipolis Anathoth Antioch of Pisidia Antioch of Syria Aphek Appian Way Appii Forum Arabah Arabia Areopagus Ariel Arimathea Armageddon Ashdod Ashkelon Asia Asia Minor Athens Babylonia Beersheba Berea Beth Peor Beth Shan Beth Shemesh Bethany Bethel Bethesda Bethlehem Bethphage Bethsaida Caesarea Caesarea Philippi Calvary Cana Canaan Capernaum Carmel Cenchrea Chebar Cilicia Cities of Refuge City of David Colosse Corinth Crete Cyprus Cyrene Damascus Dan Dead Sea Decapolis Derbe Dothan Ebal Eden Edom Egypt Ekron Elath Elim Emmaus En Dor En Gedi Ephesus Eshcol Ethiopia Fair Havens Gadara Galatia Galilee Gath Gaza Gebal Gehenna Gennesaret Gethsemane Gilboa Gilead Gilgal Golgotha Gomorrah Goshen Greece Hades Haran Hebron Hell Hermon Hinnom Iconium Idumea Italy Jabbok River Jabesh Gilead Jacob's Well Jebus Jericho Jerusalem Joppa Jordan River Judah Judea Kadesh Barnea Kidron Valley Kirjath Arba Lachish Lake of Gennesaret Land of Moriah Laodicea Lebanon Mountains Levitical Cities Lycaonia Lydda Lystra Macedonia Machpelah Magdala Mahanaim Malta Marah Media Mediterranean Sea Megiddo Memphis Michmash Miletus Millo Mizpah Moab Mount Hor Mount Horeb Mount Moriah Mount Nebo Mount of Beatitudes Mount of Olives Mount of Olives Mount Sinai Mount Zion Nain Nazareth Negev Nile River Nineveh Nod Noph Ophir Padan Aram Pamphylia Paphos Paran Patmos Penuel Pergamos Persia Petra Pharpar River Philadelphia Philippi Philistia Phoenicia Phrygia Pisgah Pisidia Pithom Plain of Esdraelon Pontus Rabbah Rahab Hem Shebeth Ramah Rameses Ramoth Gilead Red Sea Rehoboth Rephidim Rome Rosetta Salamis Salt Sea Samaria Sardia or Sardis Sea of Galilee Sea of Tiberias Seir Seleucia Sharon Sheba Shechem Shiloh Shinar Shushan Sidon Siloam Smyrna Sodom Spain Succoth Sychar Syria Tahapanes Tarshish Tarsus Tekoa Tel Abib Thessalonica Thyatira Tigris River Tophet Transjordan Troas Tyre Ur Valley of Jehoshaphat Valley of Salt Wilderness of Zin Zaraphath Ziklag Zoar Back to Categories June 18    Scripture Bible Cities: Lebanon Mountains Ancient Lebanon Lebanon in Hitchcock's Bible Names white http://www.bible-history.com/hitchcock/L/Lebanon/ Lebanon Mountains in Easton's Bible Dictionary white, "the white mountain of Syria," is the loftiest and most celebrated mountain range in Syria. It is a branch running southward from the Caucasus, and at its lower end forking into two parallel ranges, the eastern or Anti-Lebanon, and the western or Lebanon proper. They enclose a long valley (Josh. 11:17) of from 5 to 8 miles in width, called by Roman writers Coele-Syria, now called el-Buka'a, "the valley," a prolongation of the valley of the Jordan. Lebanon proper, Jebel es-Sharki, commences at its southern extremity in the gorge of the Leontes, the ancient Litany, and extends north-east, parallel to the Mediterranean coast, as far as the river Eleutherus, at the plain of Emesa, "the entering of Hamath" (Num. 34:8; 1 Kings 8:65), in all about 90 geographical miles in extent. The average height of this range is from 6,000 to 8,000 feet; the peak of Jebel Mukhmel is about 10,200 feet, and the Sannin about 9,000. The highest peaks are covered with perpetual snow and ice. In the recesses of the range wild beasts as of old still abound (2 Kings 14:9; Cant. 4:8). The scenes of the Lebanon are remarkable for their grandeur and beauty, and supplied the sacred writers with many expressive similes (Ps. 29:5, 6; 72:16; 104:16-18; Cant. 4:15; Isa. 2:13; 35:2; 60:13; Hos. 14:5). It is famous for its cedars (Cant. 5:15), its wines (Hos. 14:7), and its cool waters (Jer. 18:14). The ancient inhabitants were Giblites and Hivites (Josh. 13:5; Judg. 3:3). It was part of the Phoenician kingdom (1 Kings 5:2- 6). The eastern range, or Anti-Lebanon, or "Lebanon towards the sunrising," runs nearly parallel with the western from the plain of Emesa till it connects with the hills of Galilee in the south. The height of this range is about 5,000 feet. Its highest peak is Hermon (q.v.), from which a number of lesser ranges radiate. Lebanon is first mentioned in the description of the boundary of Israel (Deut. 1:7; 11:24). It was assigned to Israel, but was never conquered (Josh. 13:2-6; Judg. 3:1-3). The Lebanon range is now inhabited by a population of about 300,000 Christians, Maronites, and Druses, and is ruled by a Christian governor. The Anti-Lebanon is inhabited by Mohammedans, and is under a Turkish ruler. http://www.bible-history.com/eastons/L/Lebanon/ Lebanon Mountains in Fausset's Bible Dictionary "exceeding white", namely, with snow, as Mont Blanc. In Hebrew Lebanon, related to "alp". The double mountain range N. of Israel, running in parallel lines from S.W. to N.E., having between the fertile valley anciently called Coelosyria, now El Beka'a (where are the grand ruins of the temple of the sun), about six or seven miles wide, "the valley of Lebanon" (Joshua 11:17). The range is about 80 miles long, 15 broad. It forms the northern head of the Jordan valley and the southern head of the Orontes valley. (See HAMATH.) The western range is the region of the Hivites and Giblites (Joshua 13:5; Judges 3:3). (See GIBLITES.) The eastern range was Antilibanus, or "Lebanon toward the sunrising." The wady et Teim separates the southern part of Antilibanus from Lebanon and also from the Galilee hills. The river Leontes (Litany) sweeps round its southern end, and drains Coelo-Syria, falling into the Mediterranean five miles N. of Tyre. Lebanon runs parallel to the coast in the plain of Emesa opening from the Mediterranean, in Scripture "the entering in (i.e. entrance) of Hamath" (1 Kings 8:75). The river Eleutherus (nahr el Kebir) here sweeps round its northern end. The average height is 7,000 ft. But one peak, Dhor el Khodib, N. of the cedars, is 10,051 ft.; and Hermon in Antilebanon is 10,125 ft.. Lebanon is of grey limestone, with belts of recent sandstone along the western slopes. Eastward in the glens of Antilibanus flow toward Damascus Abana (Barada) and Pharpar (nahr el Awaj). All that now represents Hiram's cedar forests is the cluster called "the cedars," 6,172 ft. above the sea, in the center of the vast recess or semicircle formed by the highest summits of Lebanon above the deep valley of the sacred river Kadisha. frontCEDARS.) Odorous flowers and aromatic shrubs and vines still yield" the smell of Lebanon" wafted by the mountain breeze (Song of Solomon 4:11). The line of cultivation runs at the height of 6,000 ft. Every available space is utilized for figtrees, vines, mulberry trees, and olives. Numerous villages nestle amidst the rocks. The trees striking their roots into the fissures of rocks illustrate Hosea 14:5, "Israel shall strike forth his roots as Lebanon." Lebanon is a delightful retreat from the sultry heat of the plains and of Israel, cooled as it is by the snows which crown its peaks. Jeremiah (Jeremiah 18:14) asks, "will a man leave the snow of Lebanon which cometh from the rock of the field (a poetical name for Lebanon towering above the surrounding plain)? Or shall the cold flowing waters that come from another place (from the distant rocks) be forsaken?" None. Yet Israel forsakes Jehovah the living fountain, ever near, for broken cisterns. Hyaenas, panthers, jackals, wolves, and bears still haunt its glens and peaks (compare Song of Solomon 4:8; 2 Kings 14:9). The river Adonis (nahr Ibrahim) springs from a cave beneath the high peak Sunnin. The plain of Phoenicia, two miles wide, runs at the base of Lebanon between it and the sea. The eastern slopes are less abrupt and fertile than the western. Maronite Christians people the northern part of the range; Druses abound more in the southern. Lebanon was assigned to Israel, but never conquered (Joshua 13:2-6; Judges 3:1-3). It was under the Phoenicians in Solomon's time and subsequently (1 Kings 5:2-6; Ezra 3:7). Antilibanus is less peopled than Lebanon, and has more wild beasts: Song of Solomon 4:8, "look from the top of Amana, from ... Shenir and Hermon ... the lions' den ... the mountains of the leopards," referring to the two higher peaks, Hermon, and that near the fountain of Abana, where panthers still are found. "The tower of Lebanon which looketh toward Damascus" is Hermon (Song of Solomon 7:4). http://www.bible-history.com/faussets/L/Lebanon/ Lebanon Mountains in Naves Topical Bible (A mountain range) -Northern boundary of the land of Canaan De 1:7; 3:25; 11:24; Jos 1:4; 9:1 -Early inhabitants of Jud 3:3 -Snow of Jer 18:14 -Streams of So 4:15 -Cedars of Jud 9:15; 2Ki 19:23; 2Ch 2:8; Ps 29:5; 104:16; Isa 2:13; 14:8; Eze 27:5 -Other trees of 2Ki 19:23; 2Ch 2:8 -Flower of Na 1:4 -Beasts of Isa 40:16 -Fertility and productiveness of Ho 14:5-7 -"House of the forest of," 1Ki 7:2-5 -Valley of Jos 11:17; 12:7 -Tower of So 7:4 -Solomon had storage cities in 1Ki 9:19 -FIGURATIVE Isa 29:17; Jer 22:6 http://www.bible-history.com/naves/L/LEBANON/ Lebanon Mountains in Smiths Bible Dictionary a mountain range in the north of Israel. The name Lebanon signifies white, and was applied either on account of snow which, during a great part of the year, cover its whole summit, or on account of the white color of its limestone cliffs and peaks. It is the "white mountain" --the Mont Blane of Israel. Lebanon is represented in Scripture as lying upon the northern border of the land of Israel. De 1:7; 11:24; Jos 1:4 Two distinct ranges bear this name. They run in parallel lines from southwest to northeast for about 90 geographical miles, enclosing between them a long, fertile valley from five to eight miles wide, anciently called Coele-Syria. The western range is the "Libanus" of the old geographers and the Lebanon of Scripture. The eastern range was called "Anti-Libanus" by geographers, and "Lebanon toward the sunrising" by the sacred writers. Jos 13:5 1. Lebanon --the western range-- commences on the south of the deep ravine of the Litany, the ancient river Leontes, which drains the valley of Cole-Syria, and falls into the Mediterranean five miles north of Tyre. It runs northeast in a straight line parallel to the coast, to the opening from the Mediterranean into the plain of Emesa, called in Scripture the "entrance of Hamath." Nu 34:8 Here Nehr el-Kebir --the ancient river Eleutherus-- sweeps round its northern end, as the Leontes does round its southern. The average elevation of the range is from 6000 to 8000 feet; but two peaks rise considerably higher. On the summits of both these peaks the snow remains in patches during the whole summer. The line of cultivation runs along at the height of about 6000 feet; and below this the features of the western slopes are entirely different. The rugged limestone banks are scantily clothed with the evergreen oak, and the sandstone with pines; while every available spot is carefully cultivated. The cultivation is wonderful, and shows what all Syria might be if under a good government. Fig trees cling to the naked rock; vines are trained along narrow ledges; long ranges of mulberries, on terraces like steps of stairs, cover the more gentle declivities; and dense groves of olives fill up the bottoms of the glens. Hundreds of villages are seen-- here built among labyrinths of rocks, there clinging like among labyrinths of rocks, there clinging like swallows' nests to the sides of cliffs; while convents, no less numerous, are perched on the top of every peak. The vine is still largely cultivated in every part of the mountain. Lebanon also abounds in olives, figs and mulberries; while some remnants exist of the forests of pine, oak and cedar which formerly covered it. 1Ki 5:6; Ezr 3:7; Ps 29:5; Isa 14:8 Considerable numbers of wild beasts still inhabit its retired glens and higher peaks; the writer has seen jackals, hyaenas, wolves, bears and panthers. 2Ki 14:9; So 4:8; Habb 2:17 Along the base of Lebanon runs the irregular plain of Phoenicia --nowhere more than two miles... http://www.bible-history.com/smiths/L/Lebanon/ Lebanon Mountains in the Bible Encyclopedia - ISBE leb'-a-non (lebanon; Septuagint Libanos; Vulgate (Jerome's Latin Bible, 390-405 A.D.) Libanus): 1. Name: Derived from the root labhen, "to be white," probably from the snow which covers its summits the greater part of the year. "White mountains" are found in almost every country. The light color of the upper limestone may, however, form a sufficient reason for the name. In prose the article is usually connected with the name. In poetry it is more often without the article. In the Septuagint, however, the article is generally present both in prose and poetry. 2. General Description: The Lebanon range proper borders the east coast of the Mediterranean, for a distance of 100 miles, running North- Northeast and South-Southwest from the mouth of the Litany river, the classic Leontes (which enters the sea a little North of Tyre), to the mouth of the Eleuthurus (Nahr el- Kebir), a few miles North of Tripolis. This river comes through a depression between Lebanon and the Nuseiriyeh mountains, known as "the entrance to Hamath," and connects with a caravan route to the Euphrates through Palmyra. For a considerable distance North of the Litany, the mountain summits average from 4,000 to 6,000 ft. in height, and the range is more or less dissected by short streams which enter the Mediterranean. Most prominent of these is the Nahr ez- Zaherany, which, after running 25 or 30 miles in a southerly direction through the center of the range, like the Litany, turns abruptly West opposite Mt. Hermon, reaching the sea between Tyre and Sidon. In roughly parallel courses Nahr el- `Awleh and Nahr Damur descend to the sea between Sidon and Beyrout, and Nahr Beyrout just North of the city. Throughout this district the mountain recesses are more or less wooded. Opposite Beyrout the range rises in Jebel Sannin to an elevation of 8,560 ft. Thirty miles farther Northeast the summit is reached in Jebel Mukhmal, at an elevation of 10,225 ft., with several others of nearly the same height. An amphitheater here opens to the West, in which is sheltered the most frequented cedar grove, and from which emerges the Nahr Qadisha ("sacred stream") which enters the Mediterranean at Tripolis. Snow is found upon these summits throughout the year (Jer 18:14), while formerly the level area between them furnished the snow fields from which a glacier descended several miles into the headwaters of the Qadisha, reaching a level of about 5,000 ft. The glacier deposited in this amphitheater a terminal moraine covering several square miles, which at its front, near Bsherreh, is 1,000 ft. in thickness. It is on this that the grove of cedars referred to is growing. The view from this summit reveals the geographical features of the region in a most satisfactory manner. Toward the East lies Coele-Syria (the modern Buka), 7,000 ft. below the summit, bordered on the eastern side... http://www.bible-history.com/isbe/L/LEBANON/ Lebanon Mountains Scripture - 1 Kings 5:6 Now therefore command thou that they hew me cedar trees out of Lebanon; and my servants shall be with thy servants: and unto thee will I give hire for thy servants according to all that thou shalt appoint: for thou knowest that [there is] not among us any that can skill to hew timber like unto the Sidonians. http://www.bible-history.com/kjv/1+Kings/5/ Lebanon Mountains Scripture - 1 Kings 5:9 My servants shall bring [them] down from Lebanon unto the sea: and I will convey them by sea in floats unto the place that thou shalt appoint me, and will cause them to be discharged there, and thou shalt receive [them]: and thou shalt accomplish my desire, in giving food for my household. http://www.bible-history.com/kjv/1+Kings/5/ Lebanon Mountains Scripture - 1 Kings 7:2 He built also the house of the forest of Lebanon; the length thereof [was] an hundred cubits, and the breadth thereof fifty cubits, and the height thereof thirty cubits, upon four rows of cedar pillars, with cedar beams upon the pillars. http://www.bible-history.com/kjv/1+Kings/7/ Lebanon Mountains Scripture - 1 Kings 9:19 And all the cities of store that Solomon had, and cities for his chariots, and cities for his horsemen, and that which Solomon desired to build in Jerusalem, and in Lebanon, and in all the land of his dominion. http://www.bible-history.com/kjv/1+Kings/9/ Lebanon Mountains Scripture - 2 Chronicles 9:20 And all the drinking vessels of king Solomon [were of] gold, and all the vessels of the house of the forest of Lebanon [were of] pure gold: none [were of] silver; it was [not] any thing accounted of in the days of Solomon. http://www.bible-history.com/kjv/2+Chronicles/9/ Lebanon Mountains Scripture - 2 Kings 19:23 By thy messengers thou hast reproached the Lord, and hast said, With the multitude of my chariots I am come up to the height of the mountains, to the sides of Lebanon, and will cut down the tall cedar trees thereof, [and] the choice fir trees thereof: and I will enter into the lodgings of his borders, [and into] the forest of his Carmel. http://www.bible-history.com/kjv/2+Kings/19/ Lebanon Mountains Scripture - Isaiah 29:17 [Is] it not yet a very little while, and Lebanon shall be turned into a fruitful field, and the fruitful field shall be esteemed as a forest? http://www.bible-history.com/kjv/Isaiah/29/ Lebanon Mountains Scripture - Isaiah 37:24 By thy servants hast thou reproached the Lord, and hast said, By the multitude of my chariots am I come up to the height of the mountains, to the sides of Lebanon; and I will cut down the tall cedars thereof, [and] the choice fir trees thereof: and I will enter into the height of his border, [and] the forest of his Carmel. http://www.bible-history.com/kjv/Isaiah/37/ Lebanon Mountains Scripture - Joshua 12:7 And these [are] the kings of the country which Joshua and the children of Israel smote on this side Jordan on the west, from Baalgad in the valley of Lebanon even unto the mount Halak, that goeth up to Seir; which Joshua gave unto the tribes of Israel [for] a possession according to their divisions; http://www.bible-history.com/kjv/Joshua/12/ Lebanon Mountains Scripture - Psalms 29:5 The voice of the LORD breaketh the cedars; yea, the LORD breaketh the cedars of Lebanon. http://www.bible-history.com/kjv/Psalms/29/ If you notice a broken link or any error PLEASE report it by clicking HERE © 1995-2013 Bible History Online