Shoshannim (plural.) Titles of Psalm 45; Psalm 69; Psalm 80. The "upon" expresses the object of the psalm. In Psalm 60 the singular SHUSHAN occurs. Shoshannim means "lilies," i.e. beautiful virgins. The beauty of the innocent, pure, lily like "virgins" (Psalm 45:9; Psalm 45:14) is spiritual; for the other psalms of the authors of Psalm 45, namely, "the sons of Korah," are all spiritual. In Psalm 80 SHOSHANNIM EDUTH is the "testimony" (Psalm 78:5; Psalm 81:5) which points out the lovely ("lily like") salvation of the Lord. Hence, thrice is repeated "we shall be saved," Psalm 80:3; Psalm 80:6; Psalm 80:19, and Psalm 80:2, "save us." The lily is the enigmatic expression for loveliness. David delighted in enigmatic titles. SHUSHAN EDUTH (Psalm 60) is "the lily of testimony"; God's promise (Genesis 49; Deuteronomy 33; Numbers 24:17-19) of Canaan to Israel (Numbers 24:6) is His lovely testimony, of which the assurance was already given in a partial deliverance (Numbers 24:4-5).