SHALMANESER. Hosea 10:14 the 'eser common to Shalman with three other Assyrian kings is omitted, Tiglath Pil-eser, Esar-haddon, and Sharezer. No monuments of Shalman remain, because Sargon his successor, an usurper, destroyed them. The Assyrian canon agrees with Scripture in making Shalman king directly after Tiglath Pileser. Menander of Ephesus spoke of his warring in southern Syria and besieging Tyre five years (Josephus, Ant. 9:14). (See HOSHEA; SARGON.) Hoshea king of Israel revolted; then, on Shalman coming up against him, became his tributary servant, but conspired in dependence on So of Egypt, and withheld tribute. Shalman a second time invaded the Holy Land (723 B.C.). As Sargon claims the capture of Samaria he must have ended what Shalman began. Scripture (1 Kings 17:3-6, the general expression "the king of Assyria," and 1 Kings 18:9-10, "they took it,") accords with this: "Shalman spoiled Beth Arbel in the day of battle." G. Smith states that tablets prove the S.E. palace at Nimrud to be that of Shalmaneser, 860 B.C.